As Covid-19 inflicts the worst hit the global economy has suffered in decades, former policy-makers and senior financiers reflect on the short-term responses, as well as the longer-term transformations, that are needed to reinforce the international monetary system.

Olivier Blanchard, International Monetary Fund chief economist from 2008–15, Peter Praet, European Central Bank chief economist from 2012–19, and Daniel Alpert, author and founding managing partner of Westwood Capital, highlight the